VEGFA and adenocarcinoma: Using the lung-specific adenocarcinoma transgenic mouse model and the A549-pCAG-iRFP-2A-Verus orthotopic lung tumor mouse model, we further investigated the novel approaches for microRNA target therapy and demonstrated that miR-16 effectively inhibits lung cancer growth by suppressing VEGF expression via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways (Figure 8).