Genes encoding NBN, RIPK2, MATN2, STK3, MED30, KCNK9, DIAPH3, TDRD3, GPC5, ADNP, BCAS4, CEBPB, PARD6B, RNF114, SNAI1, PTPRM, DSC2, and CECR1 were subjected to semi-quantitative PCR analyses of the changes in DNA copy number and transcript expression level during the pathogenic development of normal mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Here, PTPRM is linked to carcinoma.