Formally, the demonstration of a key role for the inhibition of MAPK signaling in the activity of TKIs and of TKIs combined with starvation was obtained in cell lines engineered with wild type or oncogenic HRAS, since both HRAS alleles were able to partially reverse the effect of the TKI (alone and in combination with starvation) on cancer cell viability. This evidence concerns the gene HRAS and cancer.