It is upregulated by multiple mechanisms in bladder cancer cells: 1) somatic mutation, 2) over-expression of the wild-type protein, or 3) gene fusion with transforming acid coiled coil (TACC3) or BAI-1 associated protein 2-like 1 (BAI1AP2L1) partners [64]. This evidence concerns the gene TACC3 and urinary bladder carcinoma.