Our findings are similar to reports where depletion of specific memory B cell pools during the early stages of HIV infection culminated in attenuated response to vaccines or were risk factors for pneumococcal infections [17,32].This finding is not surprising given that IgM memory B cells produce natural IgM which are efficient at clearing encapsulated organisms due to its superior complement fixing abilities [25,33]. Here, CD40LG is linked to HIV infectious disease.