TNF and cyclic hematopoiesis: In HBV- or HCV-infected liver disease, IL-6, IL-27, and TNF-α presented significant expression in CH-total group than HG (3.79 ± 1.40 versus 0.46 ± 0.10 pg/ml in IL-6, P = 0.02; 164.19 ± 33.43 versus 9.83 ± 3.26 pg/ml in IL-27, P < 0.001; 75.62 ± 28.14 versus 1.76 ± 1.49 pg/ml in TNF-α, P = 0.011 respectively) (Figure 1).