NPPB and diabetes mellitus: As shown in Fig 4, after adjustment on confounders (age, sex, HF etiology, diabetes mellitus, creatinine, NYHA class, BNP, LVEF and peak VO2), the proteomic scores were still significantly associated with cardiovascular death in the validation population whatever the statistical method used (OR = 15.1 [2.2–112.9], P = 0.007 for SVM, OR = 29.4 [1.2–765.1], P = 0.03 for sPLS-DA and OR = 9.6 [1.9–59.1], P = 0.007 for LASSO).