With respect to the cardiovascular system, disruption of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway causes a number of outcomes including myocardial inflammation in a model of T cell myocarditis, viral myocarditis, autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy and accelerated graft arterial disease in cardiac allografts as well as exacerbation of cytotoxic T-cell-mediated myocarditis [2,3,11,14,30,31,32]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is viral myocarditis.