In summary, our studies of HDV infection in hNTCP-Tg mice not only proved that NTCP is a functional receptor for HDV infection in vivo and hNTCP-Tg mouse is a useful model for studying antivirals against the infection, and they also shed new light on the interaction between HDV and host immunity, and laid a foundation for future investigation toward better understanding the pathogenesis of HDV infection. This evidence concerns the gene SLC10A1 and infection.