TGFB1 and diabetes mellitus: In this study, the effectiveness of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 in attenuating the increasing of NF-κ B, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 in liver of DM rats suggests that 1,25 (OH) 2D3 might serve as an anti-inflammatory agent for DM liver disease.