LRRK2 and neoplasm: Thus, LRRK2 has been associated with MET signalling pathways in papillary renal and thyroid carcinomas; in particular, LRRK2 knockdown was shown to reduce tumour proliferation with concomitant increase in cell death, and reduction of MET signalling through the effectors target of rapamycin (TOR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) 78.