The protein is localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, may act as a mediator of cell stress response39 and has been implicated in autism.40 A prior GWAS suggested that genetic variation in CTNNA3 (catenin alpha 3) is associated with antidepressant treatment-emergent suicidal ideation.41 Variants in CTNNA3 have also been suggested to have a role in autism and schizophrenia.31, 42 Finally, PPEF2, a calmodulin-binding protein phosphatase, has been shown to influence mGluR5 levels and prior evidence suggests it may be involved in schizophrenia.43 This evidence concerns the gene GRM5 and autism.