Insulin has tumor-enhancing effects and exerts these effects directly via insulin or indirectly via IGF-1 receptors on preneoplastic and neoplastic cells or other growth receptors [50], most frequently resulting in activation of the P13K/Akt-mTOR pathway, a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and survival [6, 51, 52]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and neoplasm.