CCAR1 and breast carcinoma: Although a truncated variant of CARP-1/CCAR1 appears to function as an inhibitor of apoptosis signaling by wild-type CARP-1/CCAR1 in T-ALL cells, ectopic expression of retroviral TAT-domain fusions of a number of non-overlapping CARP-1/CCAR1 peptides that accumulated in the cytosolic compartment, inhibited growth of HBC and lymphoma cells in vitro, and suppressed growth of the lymphoma as well as the breast cancer cell-derived xenografts in SCID mice [52, 53].