Not only has this approach given us insight to the multifactorial causes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (pressure, oxygen, infection, maternal smoking (nicotine)), but to a novel treatment for BPD based on the use of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) as the nuclear transcription factor that determines the lipofibroblast phenotype. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.