IGF2R and HIV infectious disease: As de novo IGF2R expression occurs in human microglia in HIV encephalitis (a model of tissue macrophages HIV infection) and IGF2R is a cellular cofactor for HIV replication [46], our biomarker data supports that IGF2R (likely induced by inflammatory mediators) boosts HIV replication (hence detectable VL) and induces CD4+ T cell depletion.