AKT1 and cancer: Down-regulation of the KRAS, ERK and AKT genes, which are usually upregulated in proliferating cancer cells, was also observed by Xavier et al. [37] who reported that quercetin and luteolin, a type of flavonoid with high antioxidant activity, inhibits growth of HCT115 colon cancer cells by decreasing the gene expression of KRAS, ERK and AKT. Ginger and Gelam honey contain high levels of flavonoids [17,22,24,28], which may be responsible for blocking the activity of KRAS, ERK and AKT and their downstream components.