TNFSF11 and atherosclerosis: OPG (Osteoprotegerin)/RANKL (Receptor Activator Of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand)/RANK cytokine axis and Wingless tail (Wnt)/Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) signaling have been linked to the development of atherosclerosis and might be along the causal pathway in regulation of valvular calcification in CAS.