Induction of improvement in CKD BMC function by HMGCR inhibition within 2 hours is remarkable but seems consistent with previous reports showing that short-term statin incubation (<10 minutes) induces a rapid elevation of NO production in endothelial cells [35] and rapid (<30 minutes) induction of Akt-mediated phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase leading to NO production [36]. The gene discussed is HMGCR; the disease is chronic kidney disease.