Together, these observations strongly suggest that in AM children, clinical protection to malaria is associated with an increased of self-reactive response, low levels of P. falciparum-specific IgG, high plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-10, while MM was associated with high levels of IL-10 and specific anti-falciparum antibodies but low self-reactive response with low TNF secretion. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and malaria.