In addition, researchers investigating non-familial pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have recently detected mutations of the TSC2 gene that affect the mTOR pathway in a manner that is similar to the mutations of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) [20]. The gene discussed is TSC2; the disease is pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.