Cufi et al [30] conducted RT-PCR analyses demonstrating large increases in the expression of interferon (IFN)-I subtypes (IFN-α2, IFN-α8, IFN-π and IFN-β) in thymoma-associated MG, but not in MG patients without thymoma in control thymuses, and the abnormal regulation of dsRNA-sensing molecules, with the increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and decreased expression of protein kinase R (PKR) and dsRNA helicases (RIG-I and MDA5) in MG patients with thymoma. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is myasthenia gravis.