SLC2A9 and gout: These observations may result from a lack of independence between molecular pathways of serum urate control and clinical presentation of gout in the presence of hyperuricemia (that is, pleiotropic effects of the urate-associated loci) or from confounding of serum urate and risk of gout effect sizes by unmeasured or unaccounted for environmental exposures (for example, as seen at SLC2A9) or from both.