Recent reports that plasma cell-free hemoglobin is associated with poor outcomes in sepsis [10,11], together with data that hemoglobin and heme are synergistic with microbial ligands to cause overactive inflammation [3], support the hypothesis that hemoglobin or secondarily released heme could be causative of immunopathology, and in turn that Hx might be therapeutic [8,9]. Here, HPX is linked to Sepsis.