TP53 and cancer: Therefore, the latest edition of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend the use of a combined chemotherapy scheme such as M-VAC or GC (for at least three cycles) in patients with stage pT3-pT4a and/or N+ and M0 bladder cancer as well as for patients with stages pT2 or earlier, or cancers without nodal or vascular invasion whose tumors express high levels of p53 (higher than 20%) [2] (Table 1.A).