Similarly, in our study utilizing the OPN blocking strategy by its neutralizing Ab significantly attenuated the IL-6, IL-1β and MIP-2 levels not only in the blood but also in lungs, which we suggest that the anti-OPN Ab-mediated mitigation of ALI could also be due to the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Here, IL6 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.