Neurons were found to express TLR2, TLR4 and TLR8 under both physiological and pathological conditions, and cortical neuronal cultures from both TLR2 and TLR4 deficient mice were protected against cell death induced by energy deprivation (an in vitro model of ischemic stroke) when compared with wild type [7]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and ischemic stroke.