With adjustment for other known pathologic predictors of patient outcome, CSF-1 expression was proven to be independently predictive of CSS (HR 2.609, 95% CI 1.432-4.755, P = 0.002 for the training cohort; HR 4.435, 95% CI 1.478-13.308, P = 0.008 for the validation cohort) and RFS (HR 2.075, 95% CI 1.168-3.687, P = 0.013 for the training cohort; HR 3.460, 95% CI 1.328-9.012, P = 0.012 for the validation cohort) for patients with ccRCC after surgery in both cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.