BRAF and ganglioglioma: The BRAF V600E mutation occurs frequently in certain brain tumors such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) (60%), PXA with anaplastic features (60%), ganglioglioma (20% to 60%), extracerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma (20%) [2-5], epithelioid glioblastoma (54%) [6], and giant cell glioblastoma (7%) [5].