Male gender (p = 0.010), smoker (p = 0.033), tumor size >2.0 cm (p < 0.001), serum CEA >5.0 mg/dL (p = 0.006), high urinary DiAcSpm (p < 0.001), and TDR > 0.75 (p = 0.023) were more frequently associated with patients with invasive tumors than in patients with non-invasive tumors (Additional file 1: Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene CEACAM5 and neoplasm.