Recently, we identified IGF-IR as a major survival molecule that interacts reciprocally with nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) in NPM-ALK-expressing (NPM-ALK+) T-cell lymphoma, an aggressive type of cancer that frequently occurs in children and adolescents [35-37]. Here, NPM1 is linked to T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.