In contrast to total PKCα, activated PKCα (p-PKCα) were markedly increased in both whole cell and membrane fractions in T2DM rat kidneys while it was significantly reduced in cytosolic fraction, indicating that T2DM status resulted in the activation and translocation of PKCα to the plasma membrane (Figure 5(b)). The gene discussed is PRKCA; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.