INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although there was no difference in the basal uptake of PAH mediated by rOat1 and 3 in renal cortical slices from T2DM rats in our study, we have shown that insulin-stimulated PAH transport was blunted and might possibly alter other organic anion clearances, and CGE was able to restore insulin effect on PAH transport to levels of normal rat kidneys, implicating that CGE could certainly preserve anionic secretory process in T2DM condition (Figure 4).