Similarly, in an Italian study of general elderly individuals, people with higher FGF-23 concentrations and lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations had greater left ventricular hypertrophy and higher mortality while high FGF-23 concentrations but not low serum total 25(OH)D concentrations were independently associated with mortality after adjustment for other risk factors [49]. Here, FGF23 is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy.