These findings were in consistent with previous studies in a number of kidney disease models in which overexpression of Smad7 attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy [14], remnant kidney disease [15, 16], autoimmune nephritis [17], diabetic nephropathy [20], and hypertensive nephropathy [21, 22]. Here, SMAD7 is linked to hypertensive nephropathy.