The PCOS group had higher testosterone 1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 nmol/L (P = 0.01), FAI 4.4 ± 2.0 vs. 2.6 ± 1.2 (P = 0.01), fasting insulin 22.0 ± 9.4 vs. 16.1 ± 5.6 iu/ml (P = 0.03) and HOMA-IR 5.1 ± 2.6 vs. 3.5 ± 1.3 (P = 0.03) compared to controls at baseline (Table 1). Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.