Depending on the initial risk factors such as serum PSA level and the Gleason score, tumor upstaging in T1-T2 tumors (n = 97) was observed in all subgroups, ranging from 45.2% (low-risk Gleason score < 6) to 73.9% (high-risk PSA level > 20 ng/ml; Table 4 and Figure 1). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is neoplasm.