VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: The mechanism of hyperglycemia induced retinal microvascular damage is not clear, however, multiple interconnected pathways including polyol pathway, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), accelerated formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and subclinical inflammation and capillary occlusion have been proposed [4].