We have also tested potential contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the Sf osteopenic bone phenotype, as reported in murine breast cancer model, wherein tumor-associated MDSCs, marked as CD11b+Gr-1+ cells,21 and MDSCs derived from murine inflammatory arthritis model22 can be induced into osteoclasts. Here, ITGAM is linked to breast carcinoma.