Similarly, H polygyrus [122,123], Hymenoleptis diminuta (H. diminuta) [144], Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) [146], and C. sinensis [135] were found to attenuate or prevent the Rag IL-10−/− T-cell transfer model of colitis and DNBS-, TNBS-, and DSS-induced colitis, respectively, through mechanisms including promotion of Treg cells, Th2-cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), tolerogenic DCs, and M2-macrophages, as well as inhibition of IFN-γ and IL-17 secretion. Here, IL4 is linked to colitis.