IGFBP1 and diabetes mellitus: The program chose all the pathways meeting the pattern's criteria: the starting link was PE; the second link of the chain should be one of the proteins/genes associated with PE, exceptions were proteins/genes comorbid for all four diseases (4-comorbid); the third link should be one of the 4-comorbid proteins/genes (PLAT, ADIPOQ, ADRB3, LEPR, HP, TGFB1, TNFA, INS, CRP, CSRP1, IGFBP1, MBL2, ACE, ESR1, SHBG, ADA); the fourth link should be one of the proteins specific to Ob, GD, or DM, with the exception of 4-comorbid proteins/genes.