Thus, whereas all the identified PE risk factors might be treated as potential markers of this disease, the most probable molecular mechanism underlying PE, DM, OB and GD includes the pathway starting from the TGFB1, TNFA, INS and ACE genes, through the IL1B, NOS3, HSPA4 (HSP74), CLU and MTHFR genes, and eventually to PE. Here, CLU is linked to diabetes mellitus.