Recently, we have found that 5-Lox inhibition-induced apoptosis occurs via down-regulation of PKCε, without inhibiting AKT or ERK (which are also characterized as regulators of pro-survival mechanisms), suggesting the existence of an AKT-and ERK-independent survival mechanism in prostate cancer cells regulated by 5-Lox activity [22,23]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.