INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This is in line with the findings of Shultis et al. who concluded from their study to determinants of HbA1c in children that HbA1c is not a good marker of fasting or post-load glucose and insulin measures in healthy children, and that it is not a viable alternative to these measures for investigating the early life and childhood determinants of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes in children [10].