Many studies in the past have found gene expression changes implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in NM, including studies that have found Ucp3 expression changes to be a marker of NM compared to other myopathies.[30] Interestingly, our previous study identified significant increase in UCP3 protein expression despite downregulation of the Ucp3 mRNA in NM patients.[13]. Here, UCP3 is linked to myopathy.