KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: Currently, some available biomarkers such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen) for prostate cancer, CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) for colorectal cancer, AFP (a-fetoprotein) for liver cancer, CA 125 for ovarian cancer, and CA 19–9 for pancreatic cancer invariably display an inferior sensitivity and specificity, despite their generally clinical applications.