In the recent report by Rossi et al., of a cohort of Italian diabetes clinic patients, inequalities in attainment of benchmarks were observed with women being more likely than men to have A1C >9.0% in spite of insulin treatment and to have LDL >130 mg/dL in spite of lipid lowering treatment [31], as was the case in the BARI2D cohort. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.