MCPH1 is well-positioned as a candidate gene for understanding the mechanisms of brain size evolution, as it is related not only to the other primary microcephaly genes with regards to its phenotype, but also harbors the same BRCT domains as BRCA1, which has also been shown to be important for brain development (Pulvers and Huttner, 2009; Pao et al., 2014) and shows positive selection in the primate linage (Huttley et al., 2000; Lou et al., 2014). The gene discussed is MCPH1; the disease is microcephaly.