So far no cases have been reported and the relationship between primary microcephaly and infertility in humans remains an interesting question, as it may provide clues to the mechanism of the gene, and also raises the possibility that the function of MCPH1 in the germline may have been the target of positive selection in the primate lineage (Woods et al., 2006; Dobson-Stone et al., 2007; Timpson et al., 2007). The gene discussed is MCPH1; the disease is Primary microcephaly.