Prevention of diabetes and improved pancreatic islet transplantation outcomes through pharmacological manipulation of the sphingolipid rheostat in favour of SphK1 has been shown to (i) promote insulin release, (ii) promote establishment and maintenance of intraislet vasculature, (iii) improve glucose sensing, and (iv) play a role in the prevention/treatment of the immune-mediated attack [45]. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.