Although we did not seek for the risk factors for the development of diabetic retinopathy, it is well established that increased age, duration of diabetes (longer than 10 years), methods of diabetic control (HbA1c value), current insulin use, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and arteriosclerosis obliterans are strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy, which is not the case for the sex [3,4,14]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetic kidney disease.