NFKB1 and cholangiocarcinoma: The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a key transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis induction, was found to be associated with CCA development in an animal model [12], and high expression levels of NF-κB in CCA patient tissues have also been reported [Seubwai et al., manuscript in preparation].