IGF1 and neoplasm: It is indeed, established that people in the highest circulating IGF-I quintiles are at the highest risk of developing cancer (Hankinson et al., 1998; Kaaks et al., 2000; Giovannucci et al., 2003) and the role of IGF-I and associated signalling in cancer cells and tumour development is fairly robust (Pollak et al., 2004; Guevara-Aguirre et al., 2011).